A program is a collection of instructions that tells a computer how to perform specific tasks. A program can be as simple as adding two numbers, or as complex as a game that takes you through a series of levels and challenges.
A computer program is written using a computer programming language and then compiled, which produces a sequence of 0s and 1s in machine language that the logic processor uses to interpret the source code. Typically, the compiler understands the computer’s logic architecture, including the set of possible computer instructions and the length of each instruction.
Software consists of many programs that work together to create applications and computer systems. They are compiled, tested, and debugged before they are released for use by end users.
There are many different types of programming languages, but all have the same basic goal: to express ideas directly in the form of statements and combine them only where combinations make sense. These include procedural, functional, and logical languages.
Object-oriented programming is an approach to writing code that emphasizes the creation of objects, such as databases, structs, classes, and other data structures. These objects are then used to store information in a way that is convenient for the program user.
A computer program can be as small as a few words or as complex as the entire contents of an operating system, which manages a computer’s hardware and software. A computer program can also be an entire software application, such as a word processing or spreadsheet application.
Computers can do incredibly complex things, from calculating millions of financial transactions every day to implementing the infrastructure that makes modern life possible. But no computer can do anything until it is programmed to behave in certain ways.
The most common types of computer programs are those that contain commands that can be read and executed by the computer. These include instructions to add numbers, to read data from a sensor and adjust a thermostat or to complete a scheduling report.
Some computers, such as the Intel 800 Series, have a program called a kernel that controls how each of the computer’s core processes runs. The kernel manages the flow of commands to each core, ensuring that each task is completed in a timely manner and that the processor can access memory for each request.
This type of program is typically much larger than the projects that are contained within it, and its goals, scope, and strategy are more general. It often chases organization-level targets, such as improving productivity or reducing costs, while minimizing risk.
Generally, programs are longer than projects and take more time to complete. However, they can also be divided into stages, or phases, as needed.
If a business kicks off multiple related projects, it may become difficult to coordinate and communicate these efforts without some framework in place. This is where the program level can be beneficial. It can establish a framework for all of these projects so that they can be delivered under a single leadership structure, with better coordination and communication.